THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS IN ENFORCING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Abstract

The enforcement of environmental law at the international level has become one of the most critical issues in global governance. While states remain the primary actors responsible for implementing environmental obligations, international courts and tribunals increasingly serve as key institutions for accountability and dispute resolution. This article explores the evolving role of international courts in shaping, interpreting, and enforcing environmental law. It examines landmark cases, analyzes the strengths and limitations of judicial enforcement, and considers the balance between state sovereignty and global environmental responsibility. The study argues that while international adjudication cannot replace political cooperation, it enhances legitimacy, fosters compliance, and helps develop a more coherent body of environmental jurisprudence. Strengthening the role of courts remains vital for advancing sustainability and justice in the era of climate change.